Rifampicin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic primarily used to treat tuberculosis (TB), leprosy, and various bacterial infections, including those caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA in combination therapy). It is also used for prophylaxis in close contacts of people with meningococcal meningitis and Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) infections.PharmacologyMechanism of Action: Rifampicin inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, preventing transcription and ultimately killing the bacteria.Spectrum: Effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, and various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Resistance: Can develop quickly if used as monotherapy, so it’s usually given in combination (e.g., with isoniazid for TB).PharmacokineticsAbsorption: Best taken on an empty stomach (food decreases bioavailability).Metabolism: Hepatic, via CYP3A4, inducing its own metabolism (autoinduction).Excretion: Primarily biliary, with some renal elimination.

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